The Abuse of Prescription Drugs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1897 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Drug Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Introduction This paper will discuss the prescription drug abuse in the youth. Three articles written by several authors will be compared and contrasted on the methodologies used by to conduct their research on how racial/ethnic backgrounds, motivations, and education influence substance abuse. All have a correlation on highlighting the misuse of prescription drug use by young adults. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Abuse of Prescription Drugs" essay for you Create order Each article gives its own interpretation of study on how and why youth are misusing prescription drugs on an ethical level, how this problem is very understudied, the risks of misusing prescription drugs, treatments for youth affected by this growing problem and preventative measures. In the three articles of study, the writers needed to inspect youth and the abuse of prescribed drugs. Despite the fact that the articles center around youth and prescription drugs, diverse research techniques were utilized to test their theorizes. In comparison, two articles written by Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) used a qualitative approach to conduct their study. The studies were conducted with a large sampling group ranging from 400 to 36, 781 participants which had a longitudinal study over a time period. Results from both articles did seem to support the hypothesis even though both studies showed limitation within. On contrast, article written by Conn and Marks (2014) used the quantitative empirical approach to collect data to describe ethnic/racial group differences in prescription drug misuse within a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. Also to identify potential sociocultural influences on this health risk behavior. From the techniques utilized, gave new ethnic gathering particular data about the job that the dispositions of companions and guardians on substance utilize may play in whether young people abuse prescription drugs. To be better test the theory, a longitudinal report would have been best to test the speculation. Each article of study had to show their study to be reliable. Conns and Marks (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) data was reliable. Conns and Marks (2014) Conns and Marks (2014) article leads a reliability (test-retest reliability). Constraint in the examination made the test be inconsistent. The investigation utilized a current and national database which constrained the utilization of factors that could be utilized to analyze for members reaction decision. Closed-ended reactions restrained the capacity to survey subtleties of such messages about prescription drug abuse. Whats more, the things did not evaluate for peer associates or parental approval of prescription drug abuse; in this way, it is suggested that future investigations attempt to quantify the full range of states of mind with respect to prescription drug abuse. Second, while the utilization of a national informational collection builds generalizability, the outcomes cant be summed up to all youths, especially those in other ethnic or racial gatherings excluded in this examination. Whats more, the present examination did exclude young people who self-recognized as multiracial, a portion of the populace that is quickly expanding in the United States. Third, there are very much recorded restrictions in the utilization of self-report studies versus empirical or observed data. The current examination was additionally constrained by the utilization of cross-sectional information. In future research, longitudinal information is expected to additionally look at the course of these watched connections among parental and peer substance abuse states of mind. In spite of the fact that the example contained adequate members in every ethnic gathering to lead examinations, the quantity of white teenagers far surpassed that of blacks and Hispanic youths joined. Additionally, the modest number of ethnic minority members blocked the researchers from having the capacity to look at these prescient connections between various classes of prescription drugs. In the cross-sectional article by Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) turned out to be reliable (internal consistency). Study consisted of 36,781 it shows that young adults who dont go to school are at especially high hazard for non-medical medicine opioid abuse. Conversely, the non-medical abuse of prescribed drugs is higher among college enrolled young adults. The examination provides a requirement for young adults avoidance and mediation projects to target non-medical prescribed drugs use past campus grounds. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) depended on internal consistency reliability (split-half reliability). The investigation was assumed intended to examine young adults engaged with nightlife scenes. Following the evaluation, the motivational settings of prescription drugs abuse among young adult gives proof valuable to counteractive action, mediation and treatment endeavors demonstrated it to be solid yet temperamental in concentrate the nightlife of young adults. With the end goal for research to be valid, it must be reliable. Because evidence provided in articles Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) were reliable, both articles are valid. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014), demonstrated legitimacy in developmental. Built on the feeling of concentrate young adults engaged with nightlife scenes however not a dependable source. Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) approach utilized are legitimate develop. Instructive achievement collaborated with sexual orientation and race among non-medical clients of remedy opioids, females who finished secondary school yet were not enlisted in school had an essentially more serious danger of opioid issue contrasted with female understudies than a similar correlation for men the hazard for non-medical abuse of solution opioids was irrelevant cross-wise over instructive fulfillment bunches for Hispanics, which was fundamentally not quite the same as the expanded hazard appeared for non-Hispanic whites. Conn and Marks (2014) article estimates Comparisons of utilizing ACASI inside NSDUH have demonstrated that it decreases detailing inclination. Accordingly, factors utilized in this examination are viewed as dependent on substantial self-reports as it were. Unreliable sources will hurt your credibility and make your arguments seem less powerful. Despite the fact that the utilization hypothetical triangulation which comprise of different hypothetical point of view to investigate the information, still leaves the article Conns and Marks (2014) not credible for me.. When additionally contemplate is led leaving the investigation solid and legitimate, I believe it can hold credibility to help the speculation. In my understanding of the data from articles by Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015), they both deemed credible from their data. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014), I found to be credible on the investigation of the motivational settings of prescribed drug abuse among young adults gives proof valuable to counteractive action, mediation and treatment endeavors. Both negative and positive inspirations to drug abuse are related with increments in prescribed drug abuse recurrence. Tending to positive and negative motivational settings of prescribed drug abuse may not just give a way to decrease abuse and actualize hurt decrease measures, however may likewise illuminate the substance of treatment for young adults with prescribed drug abuse issues. Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) article I believed to be credible. The creators utilized strategies for triangulation which is utilizing distinctive information gathering techniques with the end goal to check the consistency of the discoveries. The investigation had absence of point by point information on mental analysis yet in addition had a few considerable qualities, including the thorough NSDUH examine structure and information accumulation techniques, large size and generalizability to the US youthful grown-up family unit populace. Conclusion In closing of my comparing and contrasting of the three articles, the studies did have limitations in retrieving data. I still feel they provided support as much as possible from each study. For the two large sample studies with limitations, I believe they had enough sufficient data that even if they threw out outliers, they still had enough to support hypothesis. Results from Conns and Marks (2014) article I feel did not yield the outcomes they were expecting the examination. Consequently leaving the end to direct future examinations utilizing an alternate research technique like a longitudinal report. With another examination, it could be more solid and hold legitimacy leaving the investigation credible. I do feel they got a few information from the investigation on , 10.4% of young people supported abusing at least 1 subtypes of professionally prescribed medications. The outcomes demonstrated noteworthy ethnic gathering contrasts in rates of prescription drug abuse with the end goal that white teenagers revealed the most astounding rates and black teenagers announced the least rates of prescription drug abuse. Rates of abuse for Hispanic young people fell in the middle. Critically, I saw parental and peer substance utilize dissatisfaction diminished the probability of prescribed medication abuse most fundamentally among white teenagers contrasted with Hispanic and black teenagers. Besides, impact of objection contrasted by the kind of substance, demonstrating ethnic gathering contrasts in dissatisfaction, for example, perspectives of liquor versus pot utilize. I feel Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) found critical sex/sexual introduction contrasts in the Positive and Tempting Situations subscales, with hetero men scoring higher on both subscales than GBQ men. A one-unit increment in this subscale was related with a 59% expansion in the rate of the abuse of pain killers. Taking all things together, I feel divulgences show that being mixed to maul prescribed medications in light of negative conditions is a key driver of medicine issues and manifestations of reliance among energetic young adults. In addition, clinicians ought to think about this as a key inspiration driving intervention for young adults in danger of apostatize to prescription drugs. An emphasis on both positive and negative inspirations to utilize drugs may additionally be a way to deal with push the take-up. Taking everything into account, results gathered from Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) appeared differently in relation to those going to class, non-school going to young adults with at any rate and not as much as a HS degree had a higher ordinariness of past-year non-medical usage of prescription opioids 13.1. The examination furthermore exhibited that among non-medical customers of arrangement opioids, females who completed school anyway were not chosen in school had an inside and out more genuine threat of opioid issue (appeared differently in relation to female students) than a comparative connection for men. I moreover feel that the peril for non-medical use of drug opioids was irrelevant transversely over school packs for Hispanics, which was not equivalent as the extended risk showed up for non-Hispanic whites. With everything taken into account, this examination portrays that vibrant young adults who dont attend school are at particularly high peril for non-medical medication opioid abuse. Curiously, I do trust the non-medical use of prescription drugs is higher among school trained young adults. The effects of sexual introduction and race on these affiliations are basic to consider in the examination. The level of education may be a protective factor for some race/ethnic social events yet for no one else. There is an unprecedented prerequisite for young adult neutralizing activity and intercession ventures to target non-medical prescription drugs far past school grounds far beyond school campuses. References Conn BM, Marks AK. Ethnic/Racial differences in peer and parent influence on adolescent prescription drug misuse. J Dev Behavioral Pediatrics. 2014 May;35(4):257-65. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000058 Kelly, B. C., Rendina, H. J., Vuolo, M., Wells, B. E., Parsons, J. T. (2014). Influences of motivational contexts on prescription drug misuse and related drug problems. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 48(1), 49-55. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.07.005 Martins SS, Kim JH, Chen LY, Levin D, Keyes KM, Cerd M, Storr CL. Nonmedical prescription drug use among US young adults by educational attainment. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol. 2015 May;50(5):713-24. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0980-3.

A Speech On The Health Care Field - 1534 Words

Growing up, I have always dreamed of three things that I wanted to accomplish in my lifetime. Those three things were to work in the health care field, have a family, and travel Europe. As of now, I am fortunate enough where I am traveling Europe while studying abroad in Ireland, and attending college to become a Speech Language Pathologist. I am accomplishing two of my three goals before I am even twenty-two. When looking towards the future of what my life will be like when I do decide to start my own family, I am beginning to picture complications and inequality. I never realized how difficult and frustrating it is to take maternity leave and to tend to a newborn baby within the United States. However, while living in Ireland and travelling abroad, I have had the opportunity to learn about different policies and laws, agreeing with some and disagreeing with others. One law that I do highly commend is Europe’s progressiveness when dealing with women and maternity leave. Unfor tunately in the United States, there is no regulated paid maternity leave, something I feel that desperately needs to be addressed and resolved. I see myself having two to three children, but to have to continuously take time off of work and not have any paid maternity leave while doing so, would be extremely disheartening and demoralizing as a working mother. If I have worked the majority of my life to become a Speech Language Pathologist, I do not want to have to give that up or be penalized in anyShow MoreRelatedWhat Veterinarians Know That Doctors Don t Dr. Natterson Horowitz1552 Words   |  7 PagesBarbara Natterson-Horowitz gave a TEDMED speech in September of 2014 entitled What Veterinarians Know That Doctors Don’t. Dr. Natterson-Horowitz is a professor of Medicine at UCLA Medical School in the Division of Cardiology. Additionally, she is an advocate of zoobiquity, or the connection of animal and human health. 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A person could be an athletic trainer, physical therapist, dietitian/nutritionist, an orthopedics doctor, or even a nurse. Each career is special in its own way and helps people in different ways also. The jobs can also coexist in the same office while equally contributing to the others. It all starts with the office. InRead MoreResearch Paper on Huntingtons Disease1268 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease progresses, walking and speech become more difficult, and memory and intellectual functions continue to weaken (Saldert, Fors, Strà ¶berg Hartelius, 2010). By the middle-stage, along with the previous affects that progresses and becomes more intense, it also affects one’s ability to work and drive or to do house chores. Socializing is lessened. Eating becomes a challenge, because a patient has trouble with movements of the muscles while swallowing. Speech becomes slurred, walking begins to

Alexander Graham Bell biography Free Essays

Alexander Graham Bell, was the inventor of the telephone. Bell was born in Edinburgh on 3 March 1847. He was the son of Melville, a speech and elocution teacher who developed the first International Phonetic Alphabet and Eliza, who was deaf from the age of five. We will write a custom essay sample on Alexander Graham Bell biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bell was the only child to survive into adulthood, with his younger and elder brothers, Ted and Melly, dying of tuberculosis. These biographical facts foretell the strong values, personality and determination of the man destined to radically change the preferred mode of long distance communications to voice, and thus transform virtually all aspects of modern life. Bell developed a passion for communication from a young age. He was to become an extraordinary man with a visionary understanding of its power and potential. Educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London, Bell immigrated to the US in 1870. In his twenties, he set about developing a multiple telegraph that could send several Morse code messages. In 1872, Bell started attending MIT’s public lectures on experimental mechanics, including one in October by Professor Charles R. Cross that began a long, fruitful collaboration. At the talk, Cross demonstrated a device invented by his colleague Edward C. Pickering, who then chaired MIT’s physics department. At the time of Cross’s lecture, MIT (which had been incorporated in 1861 on the Boston side of the Charles River) had recently opened the Rogers Laboratory of Physics in a new building on Boylston Street. The facility was the first of its kind in the United States, a well-outfitted working laboratory that allowed students to conduct experiments illustrating the physical laws they learned about in class. Of particular interest to Bell, the new laboratory had an impressive set of equipment identical to that used in the path breaking work of Hermann von Helmholtz, one of the world’s leading acoustical researchers. In 1873, Bell accepted a position as a professor of vocal physiology and elocution at the fledgling Boston University (which had been chartered in 1869). The post drew him into even closer contact with Boston’s scientific community, affording him the chance to get better acquainted with Professor Cross, who would eventually succeed Pickering as chair of MIT’s physics department. In April 1874, after Bell addressed MIT students and faculty about his acoustical studies and his eff orts to teach the deaf to speak, Cross—apparently impressed—granted him unfettered access to the Institute’s facilities for his further research. Bell seized the opportunity. Of course, Bell won his patent claim as the sole inventor of the telephone, and public knowledge about the contributions of others mostly faded into oblivion. The many surviving primary documents from the period, however, leave little doubt of the important supporting role that Cross and the Rogers Laboratory played in helping Bell gain vital, detailed, and often hands-on knowledge about the cutting-edge work of others in the field, including Pickering, Helmholtz, Reis, and Elisha Gray, the inventor whose path breaking design for a liquid transmitter Bell seems to have appropriated to make his world-famous call to Watson. Many years later, with Bell’s legal claim to the telephone long since secured, he publicly acknowledged Cross’s contribution. Bell told the crowd of 1,500 assembled at Symphony Hall for MIT’s 50th-anniversary gala—and more than 5,000 alumni and guests who were listening in by phone at Alumni Association gatherings across the country—that Cross had not only made â€Å"many advances in the telephone itself † but inspired many students to â€Å"go forth from the Institute to perfect the work. † On 7 March 1876, Bell patented the telephone (Patent 174,465) at the tender age of 29. On March 10, 1876, Bell supposedly knocked over the battery acid he and Watson were using as transmitting liquid for early telephone tests, and shouted, â€Å"Mr. Watson, come here; I want you. † Watson, working in the next room, heard Bell’s voice through the wire. Bell introduced the telephone to the world at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1877, Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company. He later sued Western Union over patent infringement of his telephone copyright, and won. In the 1880s, Bell used his considerable fortune to establish research laboratories to work with deaf people. Helen Keller was among his many students. Bell, though, was able to translate his exceptional values into his private life. He lobbied the cause of deaf people and to establish day schools for them throughout the US. When he set out on this challenge, only 40 per cent of deaf children were taught to speak. At the time of his death in 1922 the figure was 80 per cent — testimony enough in itself to his leadership qualities. Like all exceptional leaders, Bell made himself accessible to all. He encouraged one family — the Kellers — to educate their little girl Helen, who was deaf. She later attended the Boston Museum of fine arts and became a highly successful commercial artist. Employers today can learn much from Bell’s great achievements — nurture ideas, encourage innovation and pursue developments, however radical they might seem at the time. Likewise, there remains a need today for companies to accept and foster their links and social responsibilities within the communities in which they operate and beyond. Bell proved that leaders and business can create the circumstances to improve our quality of life. In researching this article, I have grown to respect the great depth and leadership qualities of Alexander Graham Bell, a hugely successful entrepreneur and a great humanitarian. While telephones, fax, mobiles, text messaging, and the like may sometimes drive you mad, they have undoubtedly revolutionised the world for the better, and it can all be traced back to the leadership and vision of one man. Bell is the greatest creator ever of shareholder value and an inspirational figure for the to the cause of the â€Å"children of a lesser God† — it must earn him the title of Greatest Briton in Management and Leadership. Other Bell inventions include an electric probe, a device used to locate bullets and other metal objects in the human body, and the vacuum jacket, which when placed around the chest, administered artificial respiration. He’s also credited with inventions related to the iron lung and triangular aircraft wings. In 1898, Bell became the president of National Geographic because he believed that geography could be taught through pictures. Bell’s fascination with aeronautics led to his â€Å"hydrodrome† boat, a vessel that traveled above the water at high speeds. The hydrodrome reached speeds in excess of 70 mph, and for many years was the fastest boat in the world. Bell died August 2, 1922, in Nova Scotia, Canada But unlike so many great pioneers and inventors, Bell followed through, visualizing the future and realizing the potential of his remarkable invention. Shortly after the invention of the telephone, Bell had told his father: â€Å"The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses, just like water or gas†¦ and friends will converse with each other without leaving home. How right he was. Remember this prediction was at a time when the telephone was in its infancy and its full potential was far from recognized. Bell’s invention changed for good the way people live their lives. Telephones and telephone lines have enabled us to network global companies via computers, make transactions electronically, or simply talk to our loved ones to let them know all is well, wherever in the world we might be at the time. The telephone is not only capable of transmitting voice, but also of transmitting emotion and, therefore, allows us to communicate not only what we are thinking but how we feel. In a stroke of genius, Bell shrank the world and transformed the lives of the citizens of his country of birth and education, Great Britain, and, indeed, the lives of people around the world. Like many great people, Bell appeared to benefit from luck and skill in equal measure, and it was while he was trying to develop multiple morse code that he stumbled on the concept that speech could be reproduced through sound waves in a continuous undulating current. This truly brilliant discovery is the principle behind the telephone. Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955 to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian-born Abdulfattah â€Å"John† Jandali (Arabic: ), who were both unmarried at the time. [32] Jandali, who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born in 1955, said he had no choice but to put the baby up for adoption because his girlfriend’s family objected to their relationship. [33] The baby was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922–1993) and Clara Jobs (1924–1986), an Armenian-American[3] whose maiden name was Hagopian. 34] Later, when asked about his â€Å"adoptive parents,† Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs â€Å"were my parents. â€Å"[35] He stated in his authorized biography that they â€Å"were my parents 1,000%. â€Å"[36] Unknown to him, his biological parents would subsequently marry (December 1955), have a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorce in 1962. [36] The Jobs family m oved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old. [1][2] The parents later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul was a machinist for a company that made lasers, and taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. [1] The father showed Steve how to work on electronics in the family garage, demonstrating to his son how to take apart and rebuild electronics such as radios and televisions. As a result, Steve became interested in and developed a hobby of technical tinkering. [37] Clara was an accountant[35] who taught him to read before he went to school. [1] Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech firms in what became known as Silicon Valley. 38] Jobs was an intelligent and innovative thinker, but his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. At Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View, he was a prankster whose fourth-grade teacher needed to bribe him to study. Jobs tested so well, however, that administrators wanted to skip him ahead to high school—a proposal his parents declined. [39] Jobs then attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. [2] At Homestead, Jobs became friends with Bill Fernandez, a neighbor who shared the same interests in electronics. Fernandez introduced Jobs to another, older computer whiz kid, Stephen Wozniak (also known as â€Å"Woz†). In 1969 Woz started building a little computer board with Fernandez that they named â€Å"The Cream Soda Computer†, which they showed to Jobs; he seemed really interested. [40] Jobs frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Wozniak as a summer employee. [41] Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Reed was an expensive college which Paul and Clara could ill afford. They were spending much of their life savings on their son’s higher education. [40] Jobs dropped out of college after six months and spent the next 18 months dropping in on creative classes. [42] He continued auditing classes at Reed while sleeping on the floor in friends’ dorm rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. [43] Jobs later said, â€Å"If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts Steve Jobs introduced in 1988, was an even more expensive marvel of hardware and software design; it at-tracted even fewer customers. Today, Windows running on Intel-compatible chips remains the most common software platform for per-sonal computers (though cellphones far outsell PCs and have become the dominant mode of computing). But Mi-crosoft has introduced only incremen-tal innovations, following the path set by the Macintosh more than 25 years ago. And Android-based smartphones and tablets, which rely on Google s free and open operating system, follow the lead of the iPhone and the iPad. My point is that Microsoft, Intel, and Google have taken the usual route to platform leadership, with inexpen-sive or free products, relatively open viewpoints interfaces, and extensive efforts to cul-tivate a broad ecosystem of partners. But Jobs and Apple have shown us an-other path to platform leadership, and not just for a niche product segment: Design breakthrough products that set new standards for form, function, and aesthetics; market them creatively and aggressively, with some modest reduc-tions in price over time; open them up gradually as industrywide platforms, and let the chips fall where they may. Jobs wanted Apple to create computers that would be as elegant and simple to use as a type-writer or even a toaster. Now, looking back, we can see that every product Jobs championed, whether or not it succeed-ed commercially, set new standards for aesthetics as well as utility, such as in ease-of-use or handling graphics and multimedia. What stands out most to me are the ultra-simple, intuitive user interfaces of the Macintosh (GUI plus mouse, albeit invented earlier at the Stanford Research Institute and Xerox PARC) and then the iPod s clickwheel and the iPhone and iPad touchscreens. Today s PCs, digital media players, smartphones, and tablets based on Windows or even Android are as good as they are only because of how much Steve Jobs and Apple raised the bar for everyone. Charisma and Leadership In the 1996 PBS documentary, Tri-umph of the Nerds, Larry Tesler, who used to work at Apple, discussed how Steve Jobs was able to inspire people to surpass what even they believed they could accomplish. He would never settle for anything less than someone s absolutely best effort, and then some. That is how Jobs raised the bar for the Macintosh project whose competi-tion was the character-based IBM PC and compatibles and many products since then, most recently the iPad. As Steve Jobs moved forward in his career, he also brought related but formerly distinct technologies and businesses together. In fact, he felt compelled to shed the historic Apple Computer name in 2007 in favor of Apple, Inc. to reflect the broader set of aspirations that he and the company had adopted. It is instructive again to compare Jobs and Apple with Gates and Microsoft. Gates main entrepreneurial legacy has been to create a mass-mar-ket software products company that continues to print money and ex-ploit those remarkable gross margins of packaged software , Jobs solved an extremely vexing problem for the industry and for consumers: how to price digital content in the form of music, video clips, movies, and TV pro-grams. This innovation in digital servic-es is no less profound than Steve Jobs innovations in consumer products. he master Strategist Early observers of Jobs and Apple, in-cluding myself, underestimated his ability to master the business side of technology. Clearly, over time, Jobs got better at this much better perhaps as the world caught up to what he was trying to do. Two incidents stand out. First, when he rejoined Apple in 1996, the firm was practically bankrupt, with only a few months of cash left. But Jobs got a $150 million investment from archrival Microso ft as well as a commitment from Bill Gates that Microsoft would continue to produce Office for the Mac. This agreement was critical to maintain the Macintosh business, then the only real source of revenue for Apple. Second, in 2005, Jobs abandoned his 20-year commitment to the Motorola micro-processor and adopted archrival Intel s technology. This move helped bridge the growing cost-performance gap with Windows PCs, and enabled the Macin-tosh to continue as a second platform that was also much more interoperable with the Windows world. How to cite Alexander Graham Bell biography, Papers

Employment Relations of the Organisation Free Sample for Students

Question: Write a Report on Report onEmployment Relations. Answer: Introduction The success of the organisation depends upon the ability of the managers who motivates and leads people to work in the direction that has already been set by the company. In the process of the successful outcomes of the objectives of the company, the manager and the employees contribute generously (hr.toolbox.com, 2017). The company fails to achieve its objectives when the culture of the organisation is not understood by both properly. In this assignment the new management policy of motivating the employees of the Top Trucking Company has been studied. The assignment discusses how the new culture of the company and the initiatives if the manager brought changes in the company. Overview of the company Top Trucking Companys Wollongong has got its reputation as the best yard within the organisation and in the region. The yard was considered as the high performing yard. The performance was duly encouraged by a union delegate, George Psaros. Despite of its strong position in the market, the workplace faced problems for its autocratic manager. The manager was very arrogant and death with the drivers in a different way and that was not appropriate for the manager. The situations became very bad and the owner of the company sold it to the big national transport group. The new company appointed a new manager and changed in the process of Human Resource Management. The new manager changed the work place situation, cleaned the yards, installed computer for monitoring of the yard and motivated the drivers to work well. The role of the Human Resource Management in the change situation in the case study organisation The Human Resource Management plays a pivotal role in utilizing the potential of the employees as per the need of the organisation. In the case study organisation this has been found that after the change of the management and appointment of the manager, the Top Trucking Companys Woollongong saw a change in the culture of it (Glisson Lawrence, 2011). The HRM initiative became successful after the strategies of the company ware changed. The period of change of the ownership of the company from old owner to the new owner becomes very crucial for the HR people. The transition period was very challenging for the HRM policy makers. The truck drivers were annoyed with the old managers and they were required to motivate and it was very important to make them ready for the new culture (Lim, et al., 1996). The new strategy of the company became successful as the strategies focused on the needs of the employees. The HRM strategies focused on health and safety, training, technical and customer s service and wellbeing of the drivers. This was the most important plans that have to be incorporated in the HRM policy in order to satisfy the employees (Chorus.co.nz, 2017). The strikes called against the new system and the management became useless at the need and George realised that the new manager is working for the improvement of the company and the employees. The Guest Model approach of the new management David Guest has developed this model. The Guest model claims that the HR manager formulates unique strategies in order to begin some practices that are not followed earlier. The strategies bring appropriate outcomes when they are executed appropriately (Drucker, 2014). The Guest model advocates that the results of the strategies will make a change in the behaviour and performance of the employees and at the end the financial benefits are also given to the employees (Zhu, 2008). Thus the model focuses on the HR strategy, practice, behavioral outcomes results, changes in the performance and the financial consequences. In the case study organisation this ahs been found that new management becomes successful when the HR manager becomes successful in implementing the strategies Initiative of the new manager The appointment of the new manager in the company became successful for the company to manage the people. The manager wanted to be very motivated person and he did not bother to work to bring the changes in the company. Initially, he faced problems from the drivers those whop went against him. The drivers were also supported by the union delegate, George. Bu all the initiatives taken by the new company brought changes in the employees. They all realised that the new manager is working for their safety, benefits and encouraging developing their skills. The new trucks and new uniforms to the drivers encouraged them to work successfully. Role of changes in the Top Trucking Company The manager wanted to clean the yard and worked for the safety of it. The manager installed new computer for the management of the warehouse. The occupational health became the major concern for the managers. The manager talked top the drivers of the company and also talked to union people. This helped him to communicate with the employees and to learn about the things that the workers want from the management (analytitech.com, 2017). The manager managed the strike of the drivers in the beginning and with appropriate dialogue he managed all the issues in the company. The new manager wanted to develop the skills of the drivers. He offered appropriate training to the employees. The skills development became the core value of the new management. This helped the drivers to feel that the new management is working for the development of the employees. Communication became a successful way for the new manager to motivate the workers and the union people. The new manager wanted to communicate all the information regarding the development of the company and talked to the drivers about their views. This helped the drivers and union people believe that they are also a part of the decision making process of the company (Fred Jonathan, 2009). George also felt happy when he was given due importance by the new manager. The dignity of George remained same in the new management. This encouraged George and he did not want to bring any loss to the company and supported the new mangers to do his job. Importance of George and the new managers in the new initiatives George and the new manager play vital role in the change process. The new manager with open minded approach wanted to bring the change in the company. The new manager worked like a transformational leader (Journalpsyche.org, 2017). He wanted to bring changes in the company through new initiatives. The removal of new manager will create trouble in the growth of the company as he has been accepted by drivers and their union. On the other hand George plays an important role. He is very ideal for the drivers and the union. The union does not want its removal. The combined efforts of George and new managers brought success to the company. Thus the new change requires both to contribute till the strategies become their culture of the organisation (University of Melbourne, 2013). The role of blue collar in the change initiatives The blue collar employees in the organisation refer to the employees those who come under the working group or the non executive group. In this group, this has been observed that the union motivates them more (Earl, 2010). The employees are not so much aware about the policies and laws. They depend upon their leaders of the union and get motivated by them. The change in the organisation depends upon the blue collar workers. They are the real workers. They carry out the policies and the strategies become successful for their contribution. Thus the initiatives of the blue collar workers are very important (simplilearn.com, 2017). In the public and service sector union we find that the employees are skilled and they do not accept the change immediately (Govindarajan, 2007). These categories of the people do not follow the command of their leaders. Thus in comparison to the public and service sector unions, the blue collar union supports the management for good initiatives for a change. Conclusion Change is very important when the company meets some difficulties. The change in the culture of the organisation is a very difficult process. It requires the sincere efforts of the management and the employees to make an agreement for a change. The management and the employees require contributing and working parallel to gain the competitive advantage in the market. In the case study organisation this has been found that the new manager controlled the drivers and the union people with the help of George and new HRM strategies. Bibliography analytitech.com, 2017. Theory of Motivation. [Online] Available at: https://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Chorus.co.nz, 2017. www.Chorus.co.nz. [Online] Available at: https://www.chorus.co.nz/about-us [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Chorus.co.nz, 2017. www.Chorus.co.nz. [Online] Available at: https://www.chorus.co.nz/about-us [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Drucker, P., 2014. Leadership vs. Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Leadership_vs_Management [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Earl, M., 2010. Knowledge Management Strategyies. Journal of managemrnt Information Systems, Volume 181, pp. 215-223. Fred, L. Jonathan, P., 2009. International management: culture, strategy, and behaviour. New York: McGraw. Glisson, C. Lawrence, R. J., 2011. The cross-level effects of culture and climate in human service teams. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, pp. 767-794. Govindarajan, V., 2007. The Importance of Strategic Innovation.. [Online] Available at: https:/www.vijaygovindarajan.com/2006/03/the_importance_of_strategic_in.htm. [Accessed 05 04 2017]. hr.toolbox.com, 2017. employee-relations. [Online] Available at: https://hr.toolbox.com/blogs/search-for-mutual-success/employee-relations-the-key-to-hr-success-49171 [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Journalpsyche.org, 2017. Alfred Adler's Personality Theory and Personality Types | Journal Psyche. [Online] Available at: journalpsyche.org/alfred-adler-personality-theory [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Lim, J., Sharkey, T. W. Kim, K., 1996. Competitive environemntal scanning and export involvement: an inital inquiry. International market Review, 13(65-80). simplilearn.com, 2017. abraham-maslow. [Online] Available at: https://www.simplilearn.com/abraham-maslow-theory-of-motivation-article [Accessed 05 04 20167]. University of Melbourne, 2013. Strategy and leadership. [Online] Available at: https://about.unimelb.edu.au/strategy-and-leadership [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Zhu, Z., 2008. knowledge Management: Towards a universaal cocept or cross cultural context?. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, Volume 2, pp. 67-79.

Service Quality in Management

Service quality refers to the outcome of a certain service relative to expected performance. Service quality determines the impact that an organization has on its customers. In addition, it determines its economic competitiveness in the market. High competition in the global markets has prompted organizations to focus on providing service of high quality to their customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Service Quality in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations are always in search for different ways that can help them to gain competitive advantage over their competitors. Service quality management is one of the strategies that many companies are employing today in order to deal with the challenges of deregulation and high competitiveness. There are several reasons that render management of service quality important. Quality of service is one of the ways used to gain customer loyalty, sustain growth and earnings, and counter global competition. Offering services of high quality is necessary because it wins customer loyalty, which is an important aspect of growth for any business. Moreover, providing quality service contributes significantly to retention of customers by a company. Low quality of service leads to customer defection, which results in decline in earnings and renders a company incapable of competing effectively. Customers use aspects such as reliability, performance, competence and durability to determine the quality of service provided by a company. Service quality has several dimensions that managers should incorporate in their management system. These include reliability, responsiveness, access, courtesy, competence, credibility, communication, and understanding. In order for employees to offer quality service, they should offer services accurately and in a dependable manner, be ready to offer prompt services when needed, possess adequate knowledge to enab le them to offer certain services, and should be readily accessible to customers. Managers should ensure that employees are polite, considerate, and friendly to customers. Customers evaluate the quality of service according to how they are treated and the level of satisfaction of their needs. In addition, quality service can be provided by inculcating the ideals of honesty, trust, and responsibility in employees. It is important for employees to know and understand the needs of customers in order to be able to satisfy them fully.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Providing high quality service involves satisfying the needs of a customer fully, and at times exceeding a customer’s expectations on service delivery. A company’s management can use several ways to improve service quality and ensure that customers are fully satisfied. Managers should design their servic es with the aid of their customers, promote teamwork in order to encourage improvement of service quality, and set service quality as one of the organization’s goal. In addition, employee training on customer satisfaction and service quality is important. Training helps employees to learn the important aspects of offering quality service. Customer satisfaction is an important feature of ensuring high quality service. Therefore, managers should obtain feedback from customers on their evaluation of the quality of service and use the feedback to develop strategies that facilitate improvement of their service. Managers determine the quality of service immensely since they set the expected standards of service delivery that are followed by employees. In setting these standards, it is necessary for them to involve customers and employees. Methods that managers could use to improve service quality include guaranteeing, statistical process control and active involvement of customers. Moreover, service quality improves customer satisfaction and increases an organization’s earnings. Therefore, customer involvement in evaluating the quality of service is important. This essay on Service Quality in Management was written and submitted by user Seamus Beck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Interpreting 1984

In George Orwell’s novel 1984 the Party of Oceania is able to control several things that we may think impossible to control. The party controls the people of Oceania psychologically and physically. Controlling not only the people, the Party also controls every source of information, operating and rewriting the content of all newspapers and histories making Oceania look like the only power worth living for. The Party flood its subjects with psychological stimuli designed to overwhelm the mind’s ability for independent thought. The telescreen in every resident’s room blasts a steady flow of propaganda designed to make the past and present failures of the Party appear to be triumphant successes. The telescreens also monitor behavior everywhere the people go. Citizens are constantly reminded, especially by means of the ever present signs reading â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU,† that the authorities are studying them. The Party challenges family structure by introducing children into an organization called the Junior Spies, which brainwashes and encourages them to spy on their parents and report any example of disloyalty to the Party. The Party also forces individuals to hold back their sexual desires, treating sex as simply a duty which ends in the creation of new Party members. The Party then directs people’s unexpressed frustrations and emotions into inten se, wild displays of hatred against the Party’s political enemies. Many of these enemies have been invented by the Party specifically for this purpose. In addition to manipulating their minds, the Party also controls the bodies of its subjects. The Party constantly watches for any sign of disloyalty, to the point that, as Winston observes, even a tiny facial twitch could lead to an arrest. â€Å"Your worst enemy†¦was your own nervous system.† (64). The Party forces its members to undergo mass morning-exercises called the â€Å"Physical Jerks†, and then to work long, gruel... Free Essays on Interpreting 1984 Free Essays on Interpreting 1984 In George Orwell’s novel 1984 the Party of Oceania is able to control several things that we may think impossible to control. The party controls the people of Oceania psychologically and physically. Controlling not only the people, the Party also controls every source of information, operating and rewriting the content of all newspapers and histories making Oceania look like the only power worth living for. The Party flood its subjects with psychological stimuli designed to overwhelm the mind’s ability for independent thought. The telescreen in every resident’s room blasts a steady flow of propaganda designed to make the past and present failures of the Party appear to be triumphant successes. The telescreens also monitor behavior everywhere the people go. Citizens are constantly reminded, especially by means of the ever present signs reading â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU,† that the authorities are studying them. The Party challenges family structure by introducing children into an organization called the Junior Spies, which brainwashes and encourages them to spy on their parents and report any example of disloyalty to the Party. The Party also forces individuals to hold back their sexual desires, treating sex as simply a duty which ends in the creation of new Party members. The Party then directs people’s unexpressed frustrations and emotions into inten se, wild displays of hatred against the Party’s political enemies. Many of these enemies have been invented by the Party specifically for this purpose. In addition to manipulating their minds, the Party also controls the bodies of its subjects. The Party constantly watches for any sign of disloyalty, to the point that, as Winston observes, even a tiny facial twitch could lead to an arrest. â€Å"Your worst enemy†¦was your own nervous system.† (64). The Party forces its members to undergo mass morning-exercises called the â€Å"Physical Jerks†, and then to work long, gruel...

Community Health and the Local Hospital Assignment

Community Health and the Local Hospital - Assignment Example There is a separate department that handles the community health aspects which is undoubtedly something significant for the sake of the community. The budget is around US$25000 each year as it is served towards addressing the needs of the underserved. The desired audience is comprised of individuals who cannot manage to look after their health domains and need assistance medically. The in charge of the area is the municipal health director who has done his Masters in Clinical Psychology and has over 8 years’ experience overall. (2) The Department of Community Health within a hospital setting is often viewed as a "loss leader" to introduce the community to the hospital services or as a department which is necessary to substantiate the fact that a not-for-profit hospital is indeed fulfilling their responsibilities as a tax exempt organization. What are your thoughts? What part of the total hospital budget should be given to this area? One should believe that quite a significant proportion of the total hospital budget must be dedicated towards community health realms. The Department of Community Health can be seen as a loss leader within the hospital regimes but then again onus should be on achieving results more than making it tax exempted. A not-for-profit entity might not win favors if it fails to address the health needs of the people. (3) It is imperative that the Dept. of Community Health be linked to the strategic initiatives of the hospital. One of the challenges is to help other department directors and managers see the value of wellness initiatives and health promotion events and how these initiatives link to their services. What are your thoughts on how to break down these barriers? Indeed it is important that the Department of Community Health is somehow connected to the long term initiatives of the hospital. In essence, the other department directors and managers might not be able to estimate the value of health events and wellness

DQ 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

DQ 3 - Essay Example Police officers are required to apply the amount of force that is realistically needed to successfully bring an occurrence under control while they protect their lives and the lives of other individuals. Policy community litigation, tensions and at other times, criminal prosecuting of officers who have been accused of using too much force, may be viewed in relation to various views on the subject of if a police needs to use force, or the amount of used force was necessary or reasonably (Reiner, 2010). In conclusion, by the different nature of their duties, police officers are called upon in their careers to act as mediators in various volatile situations. They are also called upon to take action when the law has been violated. At any particular time, one of these situations may need the use of force or control by a police officer (Reiner, 2010). Formal training, departmental policy, authorized equipment and the faith of a police officer in his capabilities reveal the type and amount of force to be used. When a police officer is not prepared in meeting the different threats faced, injury to the citizen may occur. Lower confidence may also lead to excessive

Introduction to Management, Information Systems and Organisations unit Essay

Introduction to Management, Information Systems and Organisations unit - Essay Example Red Rose Entertainment is a video shop which was established in 2000 in Queens Town, Australia. Since its inception, the shop mainly relied on catalogue cards when issuing videos to the customers. However, the organisation has underscored to expand its operations and penetrate other areas but this requires it to adopt a new computerised system as well as hire more employees in order to improve on efficiency. In order to meet the changing demands of the environment to be more flexible there is pressure from the workers who want to be developed and trained to play a part in decision making in areas that affect them and their work. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group of people towards the achievement of organisational goals (Robins S.P., Odendaal A.& Roodt G. 2001). Basically, leadership is concerned with the vision of the organisation and it should be noted that leading is a function of management where a leader instigates change that is aimed towards the achievement of the organisational goals. The leadership and the employees ought to work hand in hand in order to achieve the vision of the organisation which has underscored to expand its operations. A leader often takes a leading role in developing and inspiring staff to improve on their performance which in turn leads to increased productivity in terms of offering satisfactory products and services to the customers with the aim of achieving organisational goals. A leader should always display positive traits that can be emulate by the juniors in the company. Basically, leadership is mainly concerned with taking a long term perspective of the organisation where a leader seeks to motivate the members of staff through developing relationships of trust among the workers (Bates et al 2005). In the case of Red Rose Entertainment, democratic, participatory leadership style is more ideal as

Assessing The Ethical Foreign Policy Makers Politics Essay

Assessing The Ethical Foreign Policy Makers Politics Essay Kant states that we are rational beings; we can free ourselves from the casual necessity of the ordinary world of feelings and inclinations, and can follow the pure moral law, given by reason alone. The debate of means and ends is deeply involved in ethics and ethical foreign policy. Academics suggest that means and goals should be judged by the same set of ethical principles. Often actions that states undertake for a particular purpose can be ethical or unethical. Ethics can be defined as a complete and coherent system of convictions, values and ideas that provides a grid within which some sort of actions can be classified as evil, and so to be avoided, while other sort of actions can be classified as good, and so to be tolerated or even pursued  [1]   If ethics involves a choice between what is morally right and what is morally wrong, the possibility for ethical actions in foreign policy has proven in the past to be quite limited. Ethical foreign policy What passes for ethical standards for governmental policies in foreign affairs is a collection of moralisms, maxims, and slogans, which neither help nor guide, but only confuse, decision  [2]  . DEAN ACHESON Foreign policy is the area of politics that seeks to bridge the boundary between the nation state and its international environment. It refers to decision and actions that involve relations between an independent actor and other actors in the international arena  [3]  . The essential aims of foreign policy are the promotion of safety and prosperity. Sometimes domestic, international and regional actors and factors limit this aims. It has been argued by analysts that morality sits poorly to political action. This is due to the fact that is not always possible to make the best choice, and often the chosen one could be quite far from what is considered the best possible in the political world. Analysts suggest that an ethical foreign policy could be acceptable if: The procedure of the decision- making meets the demands of democratic decision-making. The consequences of the policy alternatives should be more useful than any alternative options examined. The human rights should not be violated. Idealists, Realists, Pragmatists The idealist school of thought states that ethics should govern all relationships. Furthermore, they argue that morality should not be taken in consideration only in domestic political life and ignored where other nations are concerned. Realists such as Machiavelli and Hobbes argue that the state of war is unavoidable in the world politics. The ethical problem of a separation between action and the notion of justice was central to the thinking of Machiavelli. In The Prince, he offers some immoral advice to the new prince: he must know when to act as a beast, how to look only to appearance, how not to be good. Machiavellis ethics consists in recognizing that the existence of human beings is burdened with conflicts  [4]  . Realists sustain that ethics is cultural and therefore variable and controversial. Pragmatists enunciate that foreign policy cannot be based on an absolute ethical ore unqualified national interest foundation. It must be factor in both but not totally reliant in one or another. The Doctrine of Double Effect and decision-making The principle of double effect states that we are responsible of those consequences of our acts which are both anticipated and intended  [5]  . This principle relies on the fact that states are allowed to carry out certain measures conscious from the fact that the measures have possible negative consequences. This Doctrine has later on combined to the Just War tradition related to the humanitarian military interventions. We are aware that is not ethical to attack non-fighting civilians, but according to the tradition it could be that states can attack morally even though the damages to the non-fighting parties can be anticipated. The moral value is determined by the actors intentions and motives. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult to determine the motives. If we take the example of the US attacking Iraq we cannot draw a line between the interests and the real motives, we do not know if the US wanted to free the people from the dictator or to ensure oil supply. Decision-making and evaluations of their consequences are often uncertain. Actors should evaluate better the consequences of their actions, for example, they should consider the effects of a war that could lead to environmental issues , to violence, that often is directed towards civilians and to the development aid which can lead to corruption of the administration. Often actors ignore such considerations in the pre- decision- making process. Decision-making and ethical evaluation remains an issue. In a representative democracy, citizens elect and authorize decision-makers to make decisions for the state to make decision on their behalf. They estimate how the state is promoting national interest; the foreign policy decision- makers represent their morals especially during the election process. Arnold Wolfers states that foreign policy decision making is not beyond moral judgment but rests on moral choices  [6]  . The National interest A democratic definition of the national interest does not accept the distinction between a morality-based and an interest based foreign policy. Moral values are simply intangible interests  [7]  . JOSEPH S. NYE JR. Democratic governments use strategic deceptions by justifying them with the concept of national interest. The division between what is in the national interest and what can be morally justified is often questionable. The national interest is the taking-for-granted base line for foreign policy within all the major parties ( Diana Francis CCTS REVIEW 33). It is a slippery concept, used to describe as well as prescribe foreign policy. It covers five crucial areas of foreign policy: Security, autonomy, welfare, status and prestige and economy. When we speak about national interest we almost always mean the common good of the members of political communities organized as sovereign states not the common good of nations that is, imagined communities of people united by ethnicity, language, history, culture, mythology or kinship (Anderson 1991)  [8]  . The phrase the national interest masks exactly which values leaders are attempting to promote and which they are willing to sacrifice   [9]  . Morgenthau considered as the ultimate realist philosopher, equated interest defined as power  [10]  . He argues that; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦There is a misconception, usually associated with the general depreciation and moral condemnation of power politics that international politics is so thoroughly evil that it is no use looking for moral limitations of the aspirations for power on the international scene. Yet, if we ask ourselves, what political leaders and diplomats are capable of doing to further the power objectives of their respective nations and what they actually do, we realize that they do less than they actually did in other periods of historyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [11]   In the last decade, western government policy-makers have considered ethics shifting away from the realist approach, where the national interest was the basis of policy-making. This policy shift has meant that the declarations of ethical foreign policy emanating from the governments of leading world powers are often uncritically taken at face value and assumed to be simply the right thing to do (The Guardian, 27 March 1999). The drive to act in the interests of others, rather than in purely national interests, can be seen in the justifications for a host of new policy initiatives including major international involvement in Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, former Yugoslavia, East Timor and Sierra Leone in recent years.  [12]  For many commentators, the new, ethical nature of international foreign policy was given clearest expression in the international communitys support for military intervention in the 1999 Kosovo war  [13]  . The US intervention against Afghanistan in 2001 was framed using an ethical language underlying that the US was caring of others and was not pursuing its national interest. George W. Bush described the bombing of Afghanistan as an action of generosity of America and our allies in the aid of oppressed people of Afghanistan(Bush 2001). The US defence secretary, Donald Rumsfeld stated that the military action was following previous US-led interventions in Kuwait, Northern Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo, for the purpose of denying hostile regimes the opportunity to oppress their own people and other people he continues adding that We stand with those Afghans who are being repressed by a regime that abuses the very people it purports to lead( Rumsfeld 2001). David Chandler argues that western governments justified their military action to remove the Afghan regime, after September 11, through the condemnation of human rights record of the Taliban government, Tony Blair stated that; Look for a moment at the Taliban regime. It is undemocratic. That, goes without saying. There is no sport allowed, or television or photography. No art or culture are permitted Women are treated in a way almost too revolting to be credible. First driven out of university; girls not allowed to go to school; no legal rights; unable to go out of doors without a man. Those that disobey are stoned (Blair 2001). Tony Blairs statement shows again that the US and UK dont give other solution that military intervention. This was a further hint behind ethics, without taking in consideration the consequences on human rights. According to Mary Robinson ethical goals, like human rights protection are held to be moral duties and therefore the responsibility of everyone ( The Guardian, 23 October 1999) The ethical dimension Non- violence leads to the highest ethics, which is the goal of all evolution. Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages  [14]   -Thomas Alva Edison On May 1997, the Labour government returned into power in Britain. An immediate change of the new government was the disclosing of the Mission Statement for the FCO. The Statement reads: The Mission of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office is to promote the national interests of the United Kingdom and contribute to a strong international communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We shall pursue that Mission to secure for Britain four benefits through our foreign policy, the four benefits being security, prosperity, the equality of life and mutual respect. We shall work though our international forums and bilateral relationships to spread the values of human rights, civil liberties and democracy which we demand for ourselves (FCO, 1997a) Robin Cook (Foreign Secretary) seen as the initiating champion of ethical foreign policy strengthened the launch of the Statement: The Labour Government does not accept that political values can be left behind when we check in our passports to travel on diplomatic business. Our foreign policy must have an ethical dimension and must support the demands of other peoples for the democratic rights on which we insist for ourselves. We will put human rights at the heart of our foreign policy. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office ( Ethics and foreign policypg 15-16) Cook made the arms trade an issue. He made the following commitment in 17 July 1997 during his speech; Britain will refuse to supply the equipment and weapons with which regimes deny the demands of their peoples for human rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(FCO, 1997c) It was evident that such a policy might have consequences for British prosperity. Prosperity and mutual respect in the Mission Statement are described as a product of national interests. This could bring to the result of a trade-off between the two benefits, in other words one benefit could be scarified in order to achieve the other. Interests is associated with prosperity and ethics with mutual respect. This is the reason why potential conflicts between an interest -based foreign policy and a ethically conducted one are caused. For a long time during his career as Foreign Secretary it was difficult to divert the closure that ethical discussions will be adapted only if they were cost free. Cook allowed arms deals to proceed , the sale of Hawk jets and armoured vehicles to Indonesia are an example that ­ breached any possible notion of ethical exports and respect of human rights. In this case Britain has failed to act as a good citizen because it has placed selfish economic advantag e prior to human rights concerns  [15]  . He did, eventually, resign over Iraq, but he never pointed to the ethical contradiction inherent in being prepared to attack another country on the pretext that it had acquired weapons of mass destruction while his own country had them in abundance and was not honouring its NPT treaty obligations to get rid of them  [16]  . In the Blair government, militarism was the favoured mean of action and used as rhetoric of justification. The air attacks on Serbia and Kosovo and the international occupation of the latter were presented as an ethical intervention that are been morally justified. This justification has been used as a reference point for the later justification of the bombardment, invasion and occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq. Tony Blair has argued that it is vital for Britain to have war fighting as part of its way of being in the world. Peacekeeping, he says, is not enough. War fighting is an important element in our diplomac y. But the tone of moral rectitude is ever present  [17]  . The word foreign discourages an ethical approach and is inimical to it. For the British government necessity was the mother of morality. The use of the epithet dimension during the labour government was a wrong move as it has attracted public attention. Unlike previous governments the Labour government created the context for the development of human rights although it has failed in many occasions to live up with these, the labour government had the courage to attempt an ethical dimension to the foreign policy but failed to achieve this. Conclusion To conclude sovereignty is a value. As governments represent a hope and solution for citizens they should pursue an ethical foreign policy. This can aim at a moralizing state behaviour but cannot establish perfection because moral actions are obviously limited by the fear of war and economic collapse, these bring the sates to act in order to prevent threats considering less morality. Before undertaking any kind of actions government need to have a deep expertise of the case and to be morally aware. We can end agreeing with Hoffemann who stated that: the ethical dimension cannot be taken into consideration as todays states are not ready to commit Hara-kiri.

Loosening Up in Southern Spain Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples

Loosening Up in Southern Spain Our group and I were looking out towards the unfamiliar landscape waiting for our arrival at our hotel. As our tour bus traveled through the rolling hills and the city towards the coast, we were looking out towards the unfamiliar. The scenery was heightened by the late afternoon and the seemingly picture perfect shadows everything evidently cast. The Spanish countryside was a beautiful place. As we traveled closer to our hotel and the Mediterranean Sea, our tour guide rambled on about the history and other things that only the older people cared about, while we teenagers talked and looked out at the new world before us. All of the non-adults were really bummed about there being so many adults in the group, and old ones at that. I felt somewhat estranged because of my noticeably younger age. I was at least two years younger than everyone else there and was in a way not fully welcome into their world. I was not specifically excluded from anything, but it was noticeable in the way they spoke to me. As we drew closer to the coast, the roads became more active and the pathways not on the main streets began to grow smaller. Soon it was as one would imagine if they have ever seen a movie with a setting in Spain. A lively environment, plants and trees growing wherever possible gave the place a natural, laid back look. All over Spain the houses and buildings were made up of a white substance that gave an old but clean feeling. There was a good mood in the air that made the short trip seem even shorter. We were all happy to be on the bus, but even happier when we finally did arrive at the hotel. We all grabbed our luggage and slowly worked our way off the bus. The place was beautiful; at least... ...and took my first drink. The taste was bitter, just as I suspected it would be from the smell. I didn't like it but tried to hide my displeasure. I didn't fool any of the others; they told me after a while I'd get used to it and love it. I finished the rest of it ounce by ounce throughout the rest of the night. It felt good doing something that had been strictly outlawed my entire life. I think that after that night the guys looked at me differently and gave me a newfound respect. For the rest of the trip, I was one of them, an equal. I look back on that day and think of how much that night changed me. More importantly, I attribute my change to being in southern Spain and the Mediterranean. I still believe that if I had not been able to make this trip I would still be the up-tight person I used to be. I learned to relax and enjoy life, 5000 miles away from home. Loosening Up in Southern Spain Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples Loosening Up in Southern Spain Our group and I were looking out towards the unfamiliar landscape waiting for our arrival at our hotel. As our tour bus traveled through the rolling hills and the city towards the coast, we were looking out towards the unfamiliar. The scenery was heightened by the late afternoon and the seemingly picture perfect shadows everything evidently cast. The Spanish countryside was a beautiful place. As we traveled closer to our hotel and the Mediterranean Sea, our tour guide rambled on about the history and other things that only the older people cared about, while we teenagers talked and looked out at the new world before us. All of the non-adults were really bummed about there being so many adults in the group, and old ones at that. I felt somewhat estranged because of my noticeably younger age. I was at least two years younger than everyone else there and was in a way not fully welcome into their world. I was not specifically excluded from anything, but it was noticeable in the way they spoke to me. As we drew closer to the coast, the roads became more active and the pathways not on the main streets began to grow smaller. Soon it was as one would imagine if they have ever seen a movie with a setting in Spain. A lively environment, plants and trees growing wherever possible gave the place a natural, laid back look. All over Spain the houses and buildings were made up of a white substance that gave an old but clean feeling. There was a good mood in the air that made the short trip seem even shorter. We were all happy to be on the bus, but even happier when we finally did arrive at the hotel. We all grabbed our luggage and slowly worked our way off the bus. The place was beautiful; at least... ...and took my first drink. The taste was bitter, just as I suspected it would be from the smell. I didn't like it but tried to hide my displeasure. I didn't fool any of the others; they told me after a while I'd get used to it and love it. I finished the rest of it ounce by ounce throughout the rest of the night. It felt good doing something that had been strictly outlawed my entire life. I think that after that night the guys looked at me differently and gave me a newfound respect. For the rest of the trip, I was one of them, an equal. I look back on that day and think of how much that night changed me. More importantly, I attribute my change to being in southern Spain and the Mediterranean. I still believe that if I had not been able to make this trip I would still be the up-tight person I used to be. I learned to relax and enjoy life, 5000 miles away from home.

Capillary Refills

Capillary refill is used for patient’s assessment. This method has been performed since the early days of nursing. Some studies show that the method is not full proof or accurate of the patient status. While other research claims validity to this test. Capillary refill is performed on the patient nail that is free of polish. The finger nails and toe nails could be used for this assessment. The nail is lightly compressed and released, it blanches and it is measured when the color comes back to normal.The measurement is done in seconds if it is less than 3 seconds the patient’s circulation is with in normal limits, if it exceeds three seconds than further assessment is necessary to diagnose the problem (Nursing). The patient could be suffering from dehydration, peripheral vascular disease, hypothermia and shock Capillary refill is primarily used in assessment of pediatrics patient. When combining the lack of capillary refill the dry mucous membrane it could lead to diagno se of dehydration.It is in concurrence with skin assessment to the hand that appears cold to touch; the infant is diagnosed with dehydration. In conjunction with infant when an adult is tested and results are abnormal further inquires is mandated. Anorexics individuals who lack the ingestion of electrolyte feel cold to touch. They may have brittle nails, poor circulation and longer than normal capillary refills.These individuals’ electrolyte counts need to be closely monitored because it could lead to poor circulation, dysrhythmias and many other medical problems ( Dufault). It is important when assessing the patient to include the capillary refills, and closely monitor patient who seem abnormal. References: http://nursing411. org/courses/md0531 . Extracted 10/31/12. Dufault M. , Davis, B. , Garman D. , Hehl R. , Henry J. , Lavin M. , Mullany J. , Stout P. (2008). Translating Best Practice in Assessing Capillary Refill. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.

Top 10 Grammar and Spelling Errors from 2010!

Top 10 Grammar and Spelling Errors from 2010! In the past year as The Essay Expert, I’ve seen a lot of grammar and spelling errors. Here are some of the most common. Lets toast to learning something new in 2011! 10.   Lose vs. Loose. You lose your keys or your mind. Your belt might be loose, or you might let loose on the weekends. Click here for more: Common Spelling Mistakes:   Lose vs. Loose 9.   Lead vs. Led. A common resume mistake is to write â€Å"Lead† as a past tense verb. â€Å"Led† is the past tense of â€Å"lead.† If your position was in the past, start your bullet with â€Å"Led† (a great past tense power verb!) 8. Who vs. that. People are â€Å"who†; things are â€Å"that.† Don’t say, â€Å"I know a guy that can fix your car.† Say, â€Å"I know a guy who can fix your car.† 7.   I vs. Me. Don’t say â€Å"My dad really loves my sister and I.† You wouldn’t say â€Å"My dad loves I†; you would say â€Å"My dad loves me.† So why would you change â€Å"me† to â€Å"I† just because he loves your sister too? The correct sentence would be â€Å"My dad really loves my sister and me.† For more examples, see Common Grammatical Errors:   Between You and Me. 6.   Then vs. Than. â€Å"Then† relates to time. When? Then (it rhymes)! â€Å"I got up, then made my coffee.† â€Å"Than† is a comparison word. â€Å"This paper is longer than it’s supposed to be.† 5.   Affect vs. Effect. â€Å"Affect† is most often used as a verb:   â€Å"How did his words affect you?† â€Å"Effect† is most often used as a noun: â€Å"What effect did his words have on you?† There are limited exceptions to each of these generalities. â€Å"Affect† can mean someone’s countenance or attitude: â€Å"His pompous affect repelled us.† And â€Å"effect† can be a verb if used to mean â€Å"implement†: â€Å"His goal was to effect change in the legal system.† If you go with â€Å"affect = verb, effect = noun,† you’ll be right 99% of the time. 4. Periods and commas placed outside quotation marks. In the U.S., commas and periods always go INSIDE the quotation marks. In many other countries, they only go inside when they are part of the quotation. I even see people putting periods and commas outside the quotation marks when they are part of the quotation! That last one I don’t understand. Here’s my article on the topic, The Quandary of Quotation Marks. 3.   Comma splices. An example of a comma splice is â€Å"Last year I got great grades, I even won an award.† In this sentence, you need to replace the comma with a period or semicolon to correct it, or add an â€Å"and† after the comma. For my article on this aspect of using commas and semicolons, click here:   How to Use Commas and Semicolons. 2.   Apostrophes used to make plurals. The plural of brother is brothers. The plural of Smith is Smiths. When making a plural out of a noun or proper noun, there is no need for an apostrophe! Brother’s is the possessive of brother, e.g. â€Å"I covet my brother’s car.† Smith’s is the possessive of Smith, e.g., â€Å"Mr. Smith’s house is painted purple.† I talk about this issue a bit more in Why It’s Important to Write Right in the Legal Profession. 1. Its vs. It’s.   This one is the hands-down winner! Today I even saw, on a blog, â€Å"Would apple sell its’ products for $10?† The rule: It’s means it is and the apostrophe creates a contraction, just as in can’t or don’t. Its is the possessive of it and does NOT take an apostrophe. And its is not a word. It’s simple! My article on this topic is located here: Common Spelling and Grammar Errors: It’s vs. Its My great hope is that this list will be different for 2011. Can you help make it happen? Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinDecember 27, 2010 18 Comments Roy Daniel DSilva says: December 28, 2010 at 9:18 am I am the guy who runs the site that says Its product for $10. Believe me I had to retype twice to get the wrong spelling now that you pointed it out! Goes to show that being lazy is as much as a crime as being uneducated! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: December 28, 2010 at 9:31 am Roy, Im thrilled that you commented here. Thank you for reading and for learning! Log in to Reply Rosanne Dingli says: December 28, 2010 at 9:23 am These, Brenda, are my all-time bug-bears. My clients make them all the time. When I was teaching primary school, I would slip in information like this to the students, who loved Little details, at the end of some lessons. And I didnt even teach English. I like how you say led is a strong verb. I might use it in next weeks blog look out for it. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: December 28, 2010 at 9:32 am Rosanne, perhaps the two of us can work together to change next years list 🙂 Log in to Reply Diane Kern says: December 28, 2010 at 8:22 pm Now I know why am so confused about (). I am American and my Mom was Welsh. My spelling and grammar are half and half. Ha,ha,ha Diane Log in to Reply Hajra says: December 29, 2010 at 2:26 am Hey, Loved the compilation. My personal experience has been to do with whose and whos! I dont know why many end up making these mistakes, there is a spell check and grammar option available in almost all writing applications Isnt it so? Looking forward to reading more of your stuff! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: December 29, 2010 at 8:36 am Thank you Hajra! Unfortunately spelling and grammar checks often highlight things that are actually correct. Some people might just not pay that much attention. For our readers, whose is an interrogative pronoun or relative pronoun: Whose life is it anyway? or I know a guy whose toes cant wiggle (dont ask where I came up with that one). Whos is the contraction of who is: Whos that guy with the weird toes? or I know a guy whos a lion tamer. If you cant insert who is and have the sentence make sense, use whose. Log in to Reply madhur says: December 29, 2010 at 9:29 am Nice one..these are pretty common mistakes.good to see it compiled in one place Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 3, 2011 at 10:37 am Diana you are absolutely correct about the proper way to write dates. We say July 4th, 2011, but we write July 4, 2011. More and more errors are being made in many areas, not just this one! Log in to Reply Andy says: January 8, 2011 at 1:33 am Ummm, why are the words say and write in quotation marks? Arent you emphasizing them, and not quoting someone? You are confusing me. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 8, 2011 at 1:36 am Hi Andy, I think youre responding to one of my replies to a comment? I actually put stars around those words for emphasis, but maybe they are showing up on your computer as quotation marks? My apologies! Now that I am aware of the issue I will use italics instead for emphasis! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 4, 2011 at 9:28 pm Thanks Cameron. What a great trick! And Im so thrilled to have a 10th grader reading my blog! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 10, 2011 at 10:26 pm Staff can actually be singular or plural. See Rule #15 in the following article from Grammarbook.com There are other words that can also be treated as singular or plural, such as committee, family, and team. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 11, 2011 at 10:49 pm Thanks again for your comment Kplan. I like this explanation from Wiki Answers which encourages avoidance of the issue: Staff, for all intents and purposes, is singular. There is one staff. Definition 5.e. in Merriam-Websters entry allows for use as plural, however, the preferred use is singular. Think of staff as the sum total of the parts. (As the pie is made up of the slices.) PREFERRED: Fifteen members of the staff attended the meeting. AVOID: Fifteen staff attended the meeting. In addition, most publications that follow Associated Press guidelines will use only the singular. When in doubt, avoid the word. Recraft the sentence using a different word, like employees, or workers. Read more: https://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_the_word_staff_singular_or_plural#ixzz1An0WXWmb Log in to Reply Rose-Anne Raies says: February 5, 2011 at 10:50 am An excellent and much needed article in todays world. Unfortunately, there is not enough attention paid to proper grammar and punctuation and spelling too. My parents were sticklers for this and the skills they taught, along with my teachers, have served me well in the legal community and in writing for clients. Thanks for handy Top 10. It is a pet peeve of mine when people use words like its vs. its and whos vs. whose incorrectly. Every once in a while I still have to go back to the basics on words that cause trouble like affect and effect too. Well done! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: February 5, 2011 at 11:50 am Thank you Rose-Anne. I do what I can! Its amazing how much people love to learn about these things, yet make so many errors. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 18, 2011 at 11:36 am LOL I know what you mean! I cant seem to resist correcting even the people closest to me. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 20, 2011 at 5:03 am Thanks Leal I will definitely consider these for 2011 along with definitely vs. definately! Log in to Reply

Steriods essays

Steriods essays Anabolic steroids are natural male hormones that build up muscle mass and increase weight gain. Other team mates and even some coaches pressure and persuade their high school athletes to use steroids for higher levels of competition and to also induce strength. Professional athletes are role models and idols for these young athletes. Teenagers looking up to those elite athletes whose muscles ripple with steroid-enhanced power, are picking up some dangerous training tips [...] (Manning). Once the young athletes see their idols taking steroids they then want to take them also. Consequently, all high schools in the United States should test their athletes for steroid use because they are unfair, they cause behavior changes, and they are dangerous. First, all high schools should test their athletes for steroids because they are unfair. Taking steroids is unfair to those athletes who build strength and muscle the hard way. Instead, athletes taking steroids have enhanced performance by the hormones in the pill. Also, when athletes take steroids they are cheating themselves and other athletes of their natural ability. If all the athletes did not take steroids, then every athlete would have about the same strength and the competition would be a lot tougher. Taking steroids is certainly considered cheating. Not only are steroids unfair, but they can also cause violent behavior changes. Another reason all high schools in the United States should test their athletes for steroids because they cause behavior changes. Thus, steroids can change a users personality. When taking steroids, an athlete may experience a large amount of anger. Steroids cause the teenager to be angry, sometimes at those they love, or even towards total strangers. For some steroid users the consequences can be serious or even life threatening. Athletes who abuse steroids can become violent quickly. This makes them dangerous or deadly to their f...