The Abuse of Prescription Drugs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1897 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Drug Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Introduction This paper will discuss the prescription drug abuse in the youth. Three articles written by several authors will be compared and contrasted on the methodologies used by to conduct their research on how racial/ethnic backgrounds, motivations, and education influence substance abuse. All have a correlation on highlighting the misuse of prescription drug use by young adults. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Abuse of Prescription Drugs" essay for you Create order Each article gives its own interpretation of study on how and why youth are misusing prescription drugs on an ethical level, how this problem is very understudied, the risks of misusing prescription drugs, treatments for youth affected by this growing problem and preventative measures. In the three articles of study, the writers needed to inspect youth and the abuse of prescribed drugs. Despite the fact that the articles center around youth and prescription drugs, diverse research techniques were utilized to test their theorizes. In comparison, two articles written by Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) used a qualitative approach to conduct their study. The studies were conducted with a large sampling group ranging from 400 to 36, 781 participants which had a longitudinal study over a time period. Results from both articles did seem to support the hypothesis even though both studies showed limitation within. On contrast, article written by Conn and Marks (2014) used the quantitative empirical approach to collect data to describe ethnic/racial group differences in prescription drug misuse within a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. Also to identify potential sociocultural influences on this health risk behavior. From the techniques utilized, gave new ethnic gathering particular data about the job that the dispositions of companions and guardians on substance utilize may play in whether young people abuse prescription drugs. To be better test the theory, a longitudinal report would have been best to test the speculation. Each article of study had to show their study to be reliable. Conns and Marks (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) data was reliable. Conns and Marks (2014) Conns and Marks (2014) article leads a reliability (test-retest reliability). Constraint in the examination made the test be inconsistent. The investigation utilized a current and national database which constrained the utilization of factors that could be utilized to analyze for members reaction decision. Closed-ended reactions restrained the capacity to survey subtleties of such messages about prescription drug abuse. Whats more, the things did not evaluate for peer associates or parental approval of prescription drug abuse; in this way, it is suggested that future investigations attempt to quantify the full range of states of mind with respect to prescription drug abuse. Second, while the utilization of a national informational collection builds generalizability, the outcomes cant be summed up to all youths, especially those in other ethnic or racial gatherings excluded in this examination. Whats more, the present examination did exclude young people who self-recognized as multiracial, a portion of the populace that is quickly expanding in the United States. Third, there are very much recorded restrictions in the utilization of self-report studies versus empirical or observed data. The current examination was additionally constrained by the utilization of cross-sectional information. In future research, longitudinal information is expected to additionally look at the course of these watched connections among parental and peer substance abuse states of mind. In spite of the fact that the example contained adequate members in every ethnic gathering to lead examinations, the quantity of white teenagers far surpassed that of blacks and Hispanic youths joined. Additionally, the modest number of ethnic minority members blocked the researchers from having the capacity to look at these prescient connections between various classes of prescription drugs. In the cross-sectional article by Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) turned out to be reliable (internal consistency). Study consisted of 36,781 it shows that young adults who dont go to school are at especially high hazard for non-medical medicine opioid abuse. Conversely, the non-medical abuse of prescribed drugs is higher among college enrolled young adults. The examination provides a requirement for young adults avoidance and mediation projects to target non-medical prescribed drugs use past campus grounds. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) depended on internal consistency reliability (split-half reliability). The investigation was assumed intended to examine young adults engaged with nightlife scenes. Following the evaluation, the motivational settings of prescription drugs abuse among young adult gives proof valuable to counteractive action, mediation and treatment endeavors demonstrated it to be solid yet temperamental in concentrate the nightlife of young adults. With the end goal for research to be valid, it must be reliable. Because evidence provided in articles Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) were reliable, both articles are valid. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014), demonstrated legitimacy in developmental. Built on the feeling of concentrate young adults engaged with nightlife scenes however not a dependable source. Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) approach utilized are legitimate develop. Instructive achievement collaborated with sexual orientation and race among non-medical clients of remedy opioids, females who finished secondary school yet were not enlisted in school had an essentially more serious danger of opioid issue contrasted with female understudies than a similar correlation for men the hazard for non-medical abuse of solution opioids was irrelevant cross-wise over instructive fulfillment bunches for Hispanics, which was fundamentally not quite the same as the expanded hazard appeared for non-Hispanic whites. Conn and Marks (2014) article estimates Comparisons of utilizing ACASI inside NSDUH have demonstrated that it decreases detailing inclination. Accordingly, factors utilized in this examination are viewed as dependent on substantial self-reports as it were. Unreliable sources will hurt your credibility and make your arguments seem less powerful. Despite the fact that the utilization hypothetical triangulation which comprise of different hypothetical point of view to investigate the information, still leaves the article Conns and Marks (2014) not credible for me.. When additionally contemplate is led leaving the investigation solid and legitimate, I believe it can hold credibility to help the speculation. In my understanding of the data from articles by Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015), they both deemed credible from their data. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014), I found to be credible on the investigation of the motivational settings of prescribed drug abuse among young adults gives proof valuable to counteractive action, mediation and treatment endeavors. Both negative and positive inspirations to drug abuse are related with increments in prescribed drug abuse recurrence. Tending to positive and negative motivational settings of prescribed drug abuse may not just give a way to decrease abuse and actualize hurt decrease measures, however may likewise illuminate the substance of treatment for young adults with prescribed drug abuse issues. Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) article I believed to be credible. The creators utilized strategies for triangulation which is utilizing distinctive information gathering techniques with the end goal to check the consistency of the discoveries. The investigation had absence of point by point information on mental analysis yet in addition had a few considerable qualities, including the thorough NSDUH examine structure and information accumulation techniques, large size and generalizability to the US youthful grown-up family unit populace. Conclusion In closing of my comparing and contrasting of the three articles, the studies did have limitations in retrieving data. I still feel they provided support as much as possible from each study. For the two large sample studies with limitations, I believe they had enough sufficient data that even if they threw out outliers, they still had enough to support hypothesis. Results from Conns and Marks (2014) article I feel did not yield the outcomes they were expecting the examination. Consequently leaving the end to direct future examinations utilizing an alternate research technique like a longitudinal report. With another examination, it could be more solid and hold legitimacy leaving the investigation credible. I do feel they got a few information from the investigation on , 10.4% of young people supported abusing at least 1 subtypes of professionally prescribed medications. The outcomes demonstrated noteworthy ethnic gathering contrasts in rates of prescription drug abuse with the end goal that white teenagers revealed the most astounding rates and black teenagers announced the least rates of prescription drug abuse. Rates of abuse for Hispanic young people fell in the middle. Critically, I saw parental and peer substance utilize dissatisfaction diminished the probability of prescribed medication abuse most fundamentally among white teenagers contrasted with Hispanic and black teenagers. Besides, impact of objection contrasted by the kind of substance, demonstrating ethnic gathering contrasts in dissatisfaction, for example, perspectives of liquor versus pot utilize. I feel Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) found critical sex/sexual introduction contrasts in the Positive and Tempting Situations subscales, with hetero men scoring higher on both subscales than GBQ men. A one-unit increment in this subscale was related with a 59% expansion in the rate of the abuse of pain killers. Taking all things together, I feel divulgences show that being mixed to maul prescribed medications in light of negative conditions is a key driver of medicine issues and manifestations of reliance among energetic young adults. In addition, clinicians ought to think about this as a key inspiration driving intervention for young adults in danger of apostatize to prescription drugs. An emphasis on both positive and negative inspirations to utilize drugs may additionally be a way to deal with push the take-up. Taking everything into account, results gathered from Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda and Storr (2015) appeared differently in relation to those going to class, non-school going to young adults with at any rate and not as much as a HS degree had a higher ordinariness of past-year non-medical usage of prescription opioids 13.1. The examination furthermore exhibited that among non-medical customers of arrangement opioids, females who completed school anyway were not chosen in school had an inside and out more genuine threat of opioid issue (appeared differently in relation to female students) than a comparative connection for men. I moreover feel that the peril for non-medical use of drug opioids was irrelevant transversely over school packs for Hispanics, which was not equivalent as the extended risk showed up for non-Hispanic whites. With everything taken into account, this examination portrays that vibrant young adults who dont attend school are at particularly high peril for non-medical medication opioid abuse. Curiously, I do trust the non-medical use of prescription drugs is higher among school trained young adults. The effects of sexual introduction and race on these affiliations are basic to consider in the examination. The level of education may be a protective factor for some race/ethnic social events yet for no one else. There is an unprecedented prerequisite for young adult neutralizing activity and intercession ventures to target non-medical prescription drugs far past school grounds far beyond school campuses. References Conn BM, Marks AK. Ethnic/Racial differences in peer and parent influence on adolescent prescription drug misuse. J Dev Behavioral Pediatrics. 2014 May;35(4):257-65. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000058 Kelly, B. C., Rendina, H. J., Vuolo, M., Wells, B. E., Parsons, J. T. (2014). Influences of motivational contexts on prescription drug misuse and related drug problems. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 48(1), 49-55. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.07.005 Martins SS, Kim JH, Chen LY, Levin D, Keyes KM, Cerd M, Storr CL. Nonmedical prescription drug use among US young adults by educational attainment. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol. 2015 May;50(5):713-24. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0980-3.

A Speech On The Health Care Field - 1534 Words

Growing up, I have always dreamed of three things that I wanted to accomplish in my lifetime. Those three things were to work in the health care field, have a family, and travel Europe. As of now, I am fortunate enough where I am traveling Europe while studying abroad in Ireland, and attending college to become a Speech Language Pathologist. I am accomplishing two of my three goals before I am even twenty-two. When looking towards the future of what my life will be like when I do decide to start my own family, I am beginning to picture complications and inequality. I never realized how difficult and frustrating it is to take maternity leave and to tend to a newborn baby within the United States. However, while living in Ireland and travelling abroad, I have had the opportunity to learn about different policies and laws, agreeing with some and disagreeing with others. One law that I do highly commend is Europe’s progressiveness when dealing with women and maternity leave. Unfor tunately in the United States, there is no regulated paid maternity leave, something I feel that desperately needs to be addressed and resolved. I see myself having two to three children, but to have to continuously take time off of work and not have any paid maternity leave while doing so, would be extremely disheartening and demoralizing as a working mother. If I have worked the majority of my life to become a Speech Language Pathologist, I do not want to have to give that up or be penalized in anyShow MoreRelatedWhat Veterinarians Know That Doctors Don t Dr. Natterson Horowitz1552 Words   |  7 PagesBarbara Natterson-Horowitz gave a TEDMED speech in September of 2014 entitled What Veterinarians Know That Doctors Don’t. Dr. Natterson-Horowitz is a professor of Medicine at UCLA Medical School in the Division of Cardiology. Additionally, she is an advocate of zoobiquity, or the connection of animal and human health. Her speech describes how a phone call introduced her to t he world of veterinary medicine and, consequently, led her to promote the concept of physicians and veterinarians working togetherRead MoreSocial Works Role 1288 Words   |  5 Pagesto work in school or in a health care setting a Master’s Degree in Social Work is required. A Master’s Degree in social work generally takes two years to complete. However, some programs allow those with a Bachelor’s in social work to obtain their Master’s in one year. Both Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree also require completions in either supervised fieldwork or internship. (â€Å"How to become,† 2014) Due to he various types of social work within the field, and all fields requiring a different setRead MoreThe Effects Of Propaganda On Women s Rights1679 Words   |  7 PagesClinton, former first Lady of the United States, was invited by the Women Health Security Colloquium, which was sponsored by the World Health Organization, to attend the Fourth U.N. World Conference on Women in Beijing, China. As the Honorary Chairperson of the United States delegation to the conference, she gave the speech, Women s Rights Are Human Rights in the first few days during a special Plenary Session. In the speech, she utilized several persuasive techniques, also known as propaganda, graspingRead MorePhysical Therapy : A Career Choice1062 Words   |  5 Pagesmanage dysfunction in movement, increase physical/functional abilities. They study each individual and construct a plan using strategies to promote the ability to move. These professionals treat and diagnose all individuals of all ages, that h ave health issues that limit their ability to move and/or function. They work 40 hours a week(most pt’s) some including evenings and weekends. The career of a physical therapist is a remarkable and challenging career,because one has the possibility of changingRead MoreMargaret Chans International Public Health Employees Provide Global Services605 Words   |  3 PagesInternational Public Health employees are an integral part of the health system throughout the globe. These workers play a large role in helping systems become more culturally appropriate and relevant to the idea of the health problems that not only states in the US face, but all over the world. Public health workers main goal is to identify the particular health care needs of individuals in a community or target area. There are many important people within the field of public health, however, very fewRead MoreWhat Can A Person Do With A Health Science Degree?1453 Words   |  6 Pagesperson do with a health sc iences degree?† most people couldn’t answer that question without looking it up. So lets first start with explaining what health science actually is; health science is a wide variety of disciplines, which are determined â€Å"through the application of science, engineering, mathematics and technology† (Health Science Careers, 2016) It’s the area of knowledge and science, which is then applied to â€Å"practical and clinical practices to maintain and improve the health of living beings†Read MorePersuasive Speech on Education in Healthcare1099 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Speech Topic: Why choosing health care as a career is a smart choice General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: By the end of my speech, my audience should be able to: A. State why health care is a growing field. B. Make an informed decision when choosing a career in health care. Introduction I. Attention-Getting Device: How many students in college know what there career goals are? A. Many students go to college to appease their parents and don’t know whatRead MoreBenefits Of The Health Care Industry877 Words   |  4 PagesWe live in a world with ever-growing health care needs. As many national studies have shown, the health care industry is projected to become one of the fastest growing industries worldwide by the time we reach 2020 A.D. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is believed that the health care industry is expected to overtake state and local government by the number of jobs added per year. But why is this occurring? One reason is there has been an increase in the national average life expectancyRead MoreThe Fields of Sports Medicine917 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the health field there are many job opportunities and branches. One of those branches is sports medicine. With sports medicine there are many options to choose from. A person could be an athletic trainer, physical therapist, dietitian/nutritionist, an orthopedics doctor, or even a nurse. Each career is special in its own way and helps people in different ways also. The jobs can also coexist in the same office while equally contributing to the others. It all starts with the office. InRead MoreResearch Paper on Huntingtons Disease1268 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease progresses, walking and speech become more difficult, and memory and intellectual functions continue to weaken (Saldert, Fors, Strà ¶berg Hartelius, 2010). By the middle-stage, along with the previous affects that progresses and becomes more intense, it also affects one’s ability to work and drive or to do house chores. Socializing is lessened. Eating becomes a challenge, because a patient has trouble with movements of the muscles while swallowing. Speech becomes slurred, walking begins to

Alexander Graham Bell biography Free Essays

Alexander Graham Bell, was the inventor of the telephone. Bell was born in Edinburgh on 3 March 1847. He was the son of Melville, a speech and elocution teacher who developed the first International Phonetic Alphabet and Eliza, who was deaf from the age of five. We will write a custom essay sample on Alexander Graham Bell biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bell was the only child to survive into adulthood, with his younger and elder brothers, Ted and Melly, dying of tuberculosis. These biographical facts foretell the strong values, personality and determination of the man destined to radically change the preferred mode of long distance communications to voice, and thus transform virtually all aspects of modern life. Bell developed a passion for communication from a young age. He was to become an extraordinary man with a visionary understanding of its power and potential. Educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London, Bell immigrated to the US in 1870. In his twenties, he set about developing a multiple telegraph that could send several Morse code messages. In 1872, Bell started attending MIT’s public lectures on experimental mechanics, including one in October by Professor Charles R. Cross that began a long, fruitful collaboration. At the talk, Cross demonstrated a device invented by his colleague Edward C. Pickering, who then chaired MIT’s physics department. At the time of Cross’s lecture, MIT (which had been incorporated in 1861 on the Boston side of the Charles River) had recently opened the Rogers Laboratory of Physics in a new building on Boylston Street. The facility was the first of its kind in the United States, a well-outfitted working laboratory that allowed students to conduct experiments illustrating the physical laws they learned about in class. Of particular interest to Bell, the new laboratory had an impressive set of equipment identical to that used in the path breaking work of Hermann von Helmholtz, one of the world’s leading acoustical researchers. In 1873, Bell accepted a position as a professor of vocal physiology and elocution at the fledgling Boston University (which had been chartered in 1869). The post drew him into even closer contact with Boston’s scientific community, affording him the chance to get better acquainted with Professor Cross, who would eventually succeed Pickering as chair of MIT’s physics department. In April 1874, after Bell addressed MIT students and faculty about his acoustical studies and his eff orts to teach the deaf to speak, Cross—apparently impressed—granted him unfettered access to the Institute’s facilities for his further research. Bell seized the opportunity. Of course, Bell won his patent claim as the sole inventor of the telephone, and public knowledge about the contributions of others mostly faded into oblivion. The many surviving primary documents from the period, however, leave little doubt of the important supporting role that Cross and the Rogers Laboratory played in helping Bell gain vital, detailed, and often hands-on knowledge about the cutting-edge work of others in the field, including Pickering, Helmholtz, Reis, and Elisha Gray, the inventor whose path breaking design for a liquid transmitter Bell seems to have appropriated to make his world-famous call to Watson. Many years later, with Bell’s legal claim to the telephone long since secured, he publicly acknowledged Cross’s contribution. Bell told the crowd of 1,500 assembled at Symphony Hall for MIT’s 50th-anniversary gala—and more than 5,000 alumni and guests who were listening in by phone at Alumni Association gatherings across the country—that Cross had not only made â€Å"many advances in the telephone itself † but inspired many students to â€Å"go forth from the Institute to perfect the work. † On 7 March 1876, Bell patented the telephone (Patent 174,465) at the tender age of 29. On March 10, 1876, Bell supposedly knocked over the battery acid he and Watson were using as transmitting liquid for early telephone tests, and shouted, â€Å"Mr. Watson, come here; I want you. † Watson, working in the next room, heard Bell’s voice through the wire. Bell introduced the telephone to the world at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1877, Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company. He later sued Western Union over patent infringement of his telephone copyright, and won. In the 1880s, Bell used his considerable fortune to establish research laboratories to work with deaf people. Helen Keller was among his many students. Bell, though, was able to translate his exceptional values into his private life. He lobbied the cause of deaf people and to establish day schools for them throughout the US. When he set out on this challenge, only 40 per cent of deaf children were taught to speak. At the time of his death in 1922 the figure was 80 per cent — testimony enough in itself to his leadership qualities. Like all exceptional leaders, Bell made himself accessible to all. He encouraged one family — the Kellers — to educate their little girl Helen, who was deaf. She later attended the Boston Museum of fine arts and became a highly successful commercial artist. Employers today can learn much from Bell’s great achievements — nurture ideas, encourage innovation and pursue developments, however radical they might seem at the time. Likewise, there remains a need today for companies to accept and foster their links and social responsibilities within the communities in which they operate and beyond. Bell proved that leaders and business can create the circumstances to improve our quality of life. In researching this article, I have grown to respect the great depth and leadership qualities of Alexander Graham Bell, a hugely successful entrepreneur and a great humanitarian. While telephones, fax, mobiles, text messaging, and the like may sometimes drive you mad, they have undoubtedly revolutionised the world for the better, and it can all be traced back to the leadership and vision of one man. Bell is the greatest creator ever of shareholder value and an inspirational figure for the to the cause of the â€Å"children of a lesser God† — it must earn him the title of Greatest Briton in Management and Leadership. Other Bell inventions include an electric probe, a device used to locate bullets and other metal objects in the human body, and the vacuum jacket, which when placed around the chest, administered artificial respiration. He’s also credited with inventions related to the iron lung and triangular aircraft wings. In 1898, Bell became the president of National Geographic because he believed that geography could be taught through pictures. Bell’s fascination with aeronautics led to his â€Å"hydrodrome† boat, a vessel that traveled above the water at high speeds. The hydrodrome reached speeds in excess of 70 mph, and for many years was the fastest boat in the world. Bell died August 2, 1922, in Nova Scotia, Canada But unlike so many great pioneers and inventors, Bell followed through, visualizing the future and realizing the potential of his remarkable invention. Shortly after the invention of the telephone, Bell had told his father: â€Å"The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses, just like water or gas†¦ and friends will converse with each other without leaving home. How right he was. Remember this prediction was at a time when the telephone was in its infancy and its full potential was far from recognized. Bell’s invention changed for good the way people live their lives. Telephones and telephone lines have enabled us to network global companies via computers, make transactions electronically, or simply talk to our loved ones to let them know all is well, wherever in the world we might be at the time. The telephone is not only capable of transmitting voice, but also of transmitting emotion and, therefore, allows us to communicate not only what we are thinking but how we feel. In a stroke of genius, Bell shrank the world and transformed the lives of the citizens of his country of birth and education, Great Britain, and, indeed, the lives of people around the world. Like many great people, Bell appeared to benefit from luck and skill in equal measure, and it was while he was trying to develop multiple morse code that he stumbled on the concept that speech could be reproduced through sound waves in a continuous undulating current. This truly brilliant discovery is the principle behind the telephone. Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955 to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian-born Abdulfattah â€Å"John† Jandali (Arabic: ), who were both unmarried at the time. [32] Jandali, who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born in 1955, said he had no choice but to put the baby up for adoption because his girlfriend’s family objected to their relationship. [33] The baby was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922–1993) and Clara Jobs (1924–1986), an Armenian-American[3] whose maiden name was Hagopian. 34] Later, when asked about his â€Å"adoptive parents,† Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs â€Å"were my parents. â€Å"[35] He stated in his authorized biography that they â€Å"were my parents 1,000%. â€Å"[36] Unknown to him, his biological parents would subsequently marry (December 1955), have a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorce in 1962. [36] The Jobs family m oved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old. [1][2] The parents later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul was a machinist for a company that made lasers, and taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. [1] The father showed Steve how to work on electronics in the family garage, demonstrating to his son how to take apart and rebuild electronics such as radios and televisions. As a result, Steve became interested in and developed a hobby of technical tinkering. [37] Clara was an accountant[35] who taught him to read before he went to school. [1] Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech firms in what became known as Silicon Valley. 38] Jobs was an intelligent and innovative thinker, but his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. At Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View, he was a prankster whose fourth-grade teacher needed to bribe him to study. Jobs tested so well, however, that administrators wanted to skip him ahead to high school—a proposal his parents declined. [39] Jobs then attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. [2] At Homestead, Jobs became friends with Bill Fernandez, a neighbor who shared the same interests in electronics. Fernandez introduced Jobs to another, older computer whiz kid, Stephen Wozniak (also known as â€Å"Woz†). In 1969 Woz started building a little computer board with Fernandez that they named â€Å"The Cream Soda Computer†, which they showed to Jobs; he seemed really interested. [40] Jobs frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Wozniak as a summer employee. [41] Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Reed was an expensive college which Paul and Clara could ill afford. They were spending much of their life savings on their son’s higher education. [40] Jobs dropped out of college after six months and spent the next 18 months dropping in on creative classes. [42] He continued auditing classes at Reed while sleeping on the floor in friends’ dorm rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. [43] Jobs later said, â€Å"If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts Steve Jobs introduced in 1988, was an even more expensive marvel of hardware and software design; it at-tracted even fewer customers. Today, Windows running on Intel-compatible chips remains the most common software platform for per-sonal computers (though cellphones far outsell PCs and have become the dominant mode of computing). But Mi-crosoft has introduced only incremen-tal innovations, following the path set by the Macintosh more than 25 years ago. And Android-based smartphones and tablets, which rely on Google s free and open operating system, follow the lead of the iPhone and the iPad. My point is that Microsoft, Intel, and Google have taken the usual route to platform leadership, with inexpen-sive or free products, relatively open viewpoints interfaces, and extensive efforts to cul-tivate a broad ecosystem of partners. But Jobs and Apple have shown us an-other path to platform leadership, and not just for a niche product segment: Design breakthrough products that set new standards for form, function, and aesthetics; market them creatively and aggressively, with some modest reduc-tions in price over time; open them up gradually as industrywide platforms, and let the chips fall where they may. Jobs wanted Apple to create computers that would be as elegant and simple to use as a type-writer or even a toaster. Now, looking back, we can see that every product Jobs championed, whether or not it succeed-ed commercially, set new standards for aesthetics as well as utility, such as in ease-of-use or handling graphics and multimedia. What stands out most to me are the ultra-simple, intuitive user interfaces of the Macintosh (GUI plus mouse, albeit invented earlier at the Stanford Research Institute and Xerox PARC) and then the iPod s clickwheel and the iPhone and iPad touchscreens. Today s PCs, digital media players, smartphones, and tablets based on Windows or even Android are as good as they are only because of how much Steve Jobs and Apple raised the bar for everyone. Charisma and Leadership In the 1996 PBS documentary, Tri-umph of the Nerds, Larry Tesler, who used to work at Apple, discussed how Steve Jobs was able to inspire people to surpass what even they believed they could accomplish. He would never settle for anything less than someone s absolutely best effort, and then some. That is how Jobs raised the bar for the Macintosh project whose competi-tion was the character-based IBM PC and compatibles and many products since then, most recently the iPad. As Steve Jobs moved forward in his career, he also brought related but formerly distinct technologies and businesses together. In fact, he felt compelled to shed the historic Apple Computer name in 2007 in favor of Apple, Inc. to reflect the broader set of aspirations that he and the company had adopted. It is instructive again to compare Jobs and Apple with Gates and Microsoft. Gates main entrepreneurial legacy has been to create a mass-mar-ket software products company that continues to print money and ex-ploit those remarkable gross margins of packaged software , Jobs solved an extremely vexing problem for the industry and for consumers: how to price digital content in the form of music, video clips, movies, and TV pro-grams. This innovation in digital servic-es is no less profound than Steve Jobs innovations in consumer products. he master Strategist Early observers of Jobs and Apple, in-cluding myself, underestimated his ability to master the business side of technology. Clearly, over time, Jobs got better at this much better perhaps as the world caught up to what he was trying to do. Two incidents stand out. First, when he rejoined Apple in 1996, the firm was practically bankrupt, with only a few months of cash left. But Jobs got a $150 million investment from archrival Microso ft as well as a commitment from Bill Gates that Microsoft would continue to produce Office for the Mac. This agreement was critical to maintain the Macintosh business, then the only real source of revenue for Apple. Second, in 2005, Jobs abandoned his 20-year commitment to the Motorola micro-processor and adopted archrival Intel s technology. This move helped bridge the growing cost-performance gap with Windows PCs, and enabled the Macin-tosh to continue as a second platform that was also much more interoperable with the Windows world. How to cite Alexander Graham Bell biography, Papers

Employment Relations of the Organisation Free Sample for Students

Question: Write a Report on Report onEmployment Relations. Answer: Introduction The success of the organisation depends upon the ability of the managers who motivates and leads people to work in the direction that has already been set by the company. In the process of the successful outcomes of the objectives of the company, the manager and the employees contribute generously (hr.toolbox.com, 2017). The company fails to achieve its objectives when the culture of the organisation is not understood by both properly. In this assignment the new management policy of motivating the employees of the Top Trucking Company has been studied. The assignment discusses how the new culture of the company and the initiatives if the manager brought changes in the company. Overview of the company Top Trucking Companys Wollongong has got its reputation as the best yard within the organisation and in the region. The yard was considered as the high performing yard. The performance was duly encouraged by a union delegate, George Psaros. Despite of its strong position in the market, the workplace faced problems for its autocratic manager. The manager was very arrogant and death with the drivers in a different way and that was not appropriate for the manager. The situations became very bad and the owner of the company sold it to the big national transport group. The new company appointed a new manager and changed in the process of Human Resource Management. The new manager changed the work place situation, cleaned the yards, installed computer for monitoring of the yard and motivated the drivers to work well. The role of the Human Resource Management in the change situation in the case study organisation The Human Resource Management plays a pivotal role in utilizing the potential of the employees as per the need of the organisation. In the case study organisation this has been found that after the change of the management and appointment of the manager, the Top Trucking Companys Woollongong saw a change in the culture of it (Glisson Lawrence, 2011). The HRM initiative became successful after the strategies of the company ware changed. The period of change of the ownership of the company from old owner to the new owner becomes very crucial for the HR people. The transition period was very challenging for the HRM policy makers. The truck drivers were annoyed with the old managers and they were required to motivate and it was very important to make them ready for the new culture (Lim, et al., 1996). The new strategy of the company became successful as the strategies focused on the needs of the employees. The HRM strategies focused on health and safety, training, technical and customer s service and wellbeing of the drivers. This was the most important plans that have to be incorporated in the HRM policy in order to satisfy the employees (Chorus.co.nz, 2017). The strikes called against the new system and the management became useless at the need and George realised that the new manager is working for the improvement of the company and the employees. The Guest Model approach of the new management David Guest has developed this model. The Guest model claims that the HR manager formulates unique strategies in order to begin some practices that are not followed earlier. The strategies bring appropriate outcomes when they are executed appropriately (Drucker, 2014). The Guest model advocates that the results of the strategies will make a change in the behaviour and performance of the employees and at the end the financial benefits are also given to the employees (Zhu, 2008). Thus the model focuses on the HR strategy, practice, behavioral outcomes results, changes in the performance and the financial consequences. In the case study organisation this ahs been found that new management becomes successful when the HR manager becomes successful in implementing the strategies Initiative of the new manager The appointment of the new manager in the company became successful for the company to manage the people. The manager wanted to be very motivated person and he did not bother to work to bring the changes in the company. Initially, he faced problems from the drivers those whop went against him. The drivers were also supported by the union delegate, George. Bu all the initiatives taken by the new company brought changes in the employees. They all realised that the new manager is working for their safety, benefits and encouraging developing their skills. The new trucks and new uniforms to the drivers encouraged them to work successfully. Role of changes in the Top Trucking Company The manager wanted to clean the yard and worked for the safety of it. The manager installed new computer for the management of the warehouse. The occupational health became the major concern for the managers. The manager talked top the drivers of the company and also talked to union people. This helped him to communicate with the employees and to learn about the things that the workers want from the management (analytitech.com, 2017). The manager managed the strike of the drivers in the beginning and with appropriate dialogue he managed all the issues in the company. The new manager wanted to develop the skills of the drivers. He offered appropriate training to the employees. The skills development became the core value of the new management. This helped the drivers to feel that the new management is working for the development of the employees. Communication became a successful way for the new manager to motivate the workers and the union people. The new manager wanted to communicate all the information regarding the development of the company and talked to the drivers about their views. This helped the drivers and union people believe that they are also a part of the decision making process of the company (Fred Jonathan, 2009). George also felt happy when he was given due importance by the new manager. The dignity of George remained same in the new management. This encouraged George and he did not want to bring any loss to the company and supported the new mangers to do his job. Importance of George and the new managers in the new initiatives George and the new manager play vital role in the change process. The new manager with open minded approach wanted to bring the change in the company. The new manager worked like a transformational leader (Journalpsyche.org, 2017). He wanted to bring changes in the company through new initiatives. The removal of new manager will create trouble in the growth of the company as he has been accepted by drivers and their union. On the other hand George plays an important role. He is very ideal for the drivers and the union. The union does not want its removal. The combined efforts of George and new managers brought success to the company. Thus the new change requires both to contribute till the strategies become their culture of the organisation (University of Melbourne, 2013). The role of blue collar in the change initiatives The blue collar employees in the organisation refer to the employees those who come under the working group or the non executive group. In this group, this has been observed that the union motivates them more (Earl, 2010). The employees are not so much aware about the policies and laws. They depend upon their leaders of the union and get motivated by them. The change in the organisation depends upon the blue collar workers. They are the real workers. They carry out the policies and the strategies become successful for their contribution. Thus the initiatives of the blue collar workers are very important (simplilearn.com, 2017). In the public and service sector union we find that the employees are skilled and they do not accept the change immediately (Govindarajan, 2007). These categories of the people do not follow the command of their leaders. Thus in comparison to the public and service sector unions, the blue collar union supports the management for good initiatives for a change. Conclusion Change is very important when the company meets some difficulties. The change in the culture of the organisation is a very difficult process. It requires the sincere efforts of the management and the employees to make an agreement for a change. The management and the employees require contributing and working parallel to gain the competitive advantage in the market. In the case study organisation this has been found that the new manager controlled the drivers and the union people with the help of George and new HRM strategies. Bibliography analytitech.com, 2017. Theory of Motivation. [Online] Available at: https://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Chorus.co.nz, 2017. www.Chorus.co.nz. [Online] Available at: https://www.chorus.co.nz/about-us [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Chorus.co.nz, 2017. www.Chorus.co.nz. [Online] Available at: https://www.chorus.co.nz/about-us [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Drucker, P., 2014. Leadership vs. Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Leadership_vs_Management [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Earl, M., 2010. Knowledge Management Strategyies. Journal of managemrnt Information Systems, Volume 181, pp. 215-223. Fred, L. Jonathan, P., 2009. International management: culture, strategy, and behaviour. New York: McGraw. Glisson, C. Lawrence, R. J., 2011. The cross-level effects of culture and climate in human service teams. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, pp. 767-794. Govindarajan, V., 2007. The Importance of Strategic Innovation.. [Online] Available at: https:/www.vijaygovindarajan.com/2006/03/the_importance_of_strategic_in.htm. [Accessed 05 04 2017]. hr.toolbox.com, 2017. employee-relations. [Online] Available at: https://hr.toolbox.com/blogs/search-for-mutual-success/employee-relations-the-key-to-hr-success-49171 [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Journalpsyche.org, 2017. Alfred Adler's Personality Theory and Personality Types | Journal Psyche. [Online] Available at: journalpsyche.org/alfred-adler-personality-theory [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Lim, J., Sharkey, T. W. Kim, K., 1996. Competitive environemntal scanning and export involvement: an inital inquiry. International market Review, 13(65-80). simplilearn.com, 2017. abraham-maslow. [Online] Available at: https://www.simplilearn.com/abraham-maslow-theory-of-motivation-article [Accessed 05 04 20167]. University of Melbourne, 2013. Strategy and leadership. [Online] Available at: https://about.unimelb.edu.au/strategy-and-leadership [Accessed 05 04 2017]. Zhu, Z., 2008. knowledge Management: Towards a universaal cocept or cross cultural context?. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, Volume 2, pp. 67-79.